Self Awareness As An Important Attribute For Nurses

This assignment aims to identify self-awareness as an important attribute for nurses. I aim to achieve this by exploring why self-awareness is important and the impact it can have on nursing professionals. Finally there will be a conclusion with a thorough justification on why self-awareness is an important life skill for nurses. Rawlinson, (1990) defines self-awareness as a conscious process in which we consider our understanding of ourselves. Having self-awareness and the ability to reflect means you can assess your own knowledge, skills and behaviours (NCL, 2014). In order to improve the quality of care and develop skills and confidence, one must reflect on their self-awareness experiences, to reach their full potential of practise. To define reflection Duffy (2008) describes reflective practise as an active and deliberate process to critically examine practice. Through self-awareness individuals can get to know more about what they do and what limits their abilities (Ghaye and Lillyman, 2001). Thus improving the quality of care provided to service users, as nurses have the responsible for providing care to the best of their ability to patients and their families. The NMC (2006) defines competency as the combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes and abilities that underpin effective performance in the nursing profession. Self-awareness defines a student nurse as an individual who is attentive, alert and consequently improving the environment and quality of careShow MoreRelatedThe Attributes Of Leadership As A Nurse Role1460 Words   |  6 Pageschanging of health care system, leadership skill is one of the most important competencies of advanced practice nurse (APN). This skill should be taught, practiced, nurtured and enhanced during APN education more than ever before. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) state that nurses are important full partners and leaders in the transformation of health care (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, O’Grady, 2014). According to Hamric et. al (2014), nurses should take on more leadership roles to have their voices heardRead MoreLeadership Attributes That A Graduate Nurse Should Possess1059 Words   |  5 Pages LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES THAT A GRADUATE NURSE SHOULD POSSESS NAME: INSTITUTION:  ABSTRACT It’s commonly a challenge to prepare a graduate nurse because of the diversity of skills expected from them. In today’s world, patients are more informed and they demand and expect quality and satisfactory care. In this article the attributes of leadership expected from new graduates are identified and discussed. They include professionalism, personal attributes, accountability and interpersonalRead MoreSpiritual Care And Music Of Nursing985 Words   |  4 PagesNursing Nurses have long held the privilege and responsibility of caring for patients across the holistic realm. Spiritual care is a crucial part of ensuring that holistic care giving is provided. Fundamental nursing theorists Florence Nightingale and Jean Watson believed spiritual care to be the crux of nursing care (Ramezani, Ahmadi, Mohammadi, Kazemnejad, 2014). The narrative written describing the account between the nurse and Rose, illustrates this concept. In the narrative, the nurse had beenRead MorePerson Centred Care Is A Healthcare Profession1663 Words   |  7 Pagesaccount delivering person centred care to the patients family and carers, as well as the multidisciplinary team that is working together to provide care. The service user is the most important person in decision making for their health care and the nursing process. (Draper et al 2013). Person centred care reminds nurses and care staff that they are caring for the service user, their families and care staff providin g the care, this allows the patient power in decision making towards their health andRead MoreConcept Analysis on Caring Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis framework of Walker and Avant (1983), an attempt is made to gain better understanding of the constituent properties of caring. This includes the evaluation of various definitions of caring, key attributes, antecedents, consequences, and the perception of caring from the patients and nurses point of view. Then, drawing a conclusion of the significance of caring, thereof. The Oxford Dictionary defines caring as the work or practice of looking after, as well as, displaying kindness and concernRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : Why It Can Matter More Than Iq By Daniel Goleman1489 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of â€Å"emotional intelligence†, or EI, in a journal article in 1990 (Goleman, 2005). It was then popularized in 1995, with the book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel Goleman. Goleman posited that EI is as important, if not more important, than IQ in terms of success in academics, business, and interpersonal relationships (2005). Although the phrase was new to English vernacular, the concept of EI is not a modern idea to human philosophizing. The Greek philosopher, PlatoRead MoreThe Concept Of The Care Of Terminal Patients1532 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects almost all nurses and almost all patients. Caring for rather than curing patients is becoming more necessary, but it is still a harrowing process for medical personnel to accept and facilitate. More education, exposure, and training are needed, which is why this topic was selected. The intent of this paper is to clarify the process in a concept analysis, based on Walker and Avant’s method, that explores the different uses of the concept of hospice care, studies its attributes, antecedents, andRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And The Nurse Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesNurses are said to do the unthinkable and touch the untouchable (Canfield, Hansen, Mitchell-Autio, Thieman, 2001). Why nurses can seem to do this remains a mystery yet investigated in peer reviewed literature. Professional nurses hold values to a high standard while performing their tasks. This is done by individuals who are astute in the language that may not always be expressed with words, the language of emotion. It is the nurse holding the hand of the troubled and simply listening to theirRead MoreLeadership For An Advanced Practice Nurse997 Words   |  4 PagesRoles School of Nursing University of Alabama at Birmingham Fall, 2016 Individual Leadership Assessment Leadership is a very important role for an advanced practice nurse. There are many leadership styles a person can utilize when working in a collaborative team environment. It is the responsibility of an advance practice nurse to take on a leadership role and finding which leadership style to adapt can determine the success of creating a successful work environment. TheRead MoreConcept Comparison Across Theories Paper1550 Words   |  7 Pagesheavily reliant on the development of concepts that are empirically validated and relevant to clinical practice (Mitchman Weaver, 2008).Those concepts are then studied within a theoretical framework that is applicable to the concepts and their attributes. Concepts are continuously compared and analyzed between theories to ensure applicability and enhance the spectrum of evidence –based knowledge in nursing research and theory. Community Health as a Core Concept Nursing Among the numerous

Fancy Footwork Free Essays

Most countries have their own cultural traditions, and China is no exception. Street dancing is not very popular in the United States, especially in Sacramento, since people have busy life styles and urban management law enforcement. Sometimes people go to clubs dancing when they have free time or hang out with friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Fancy Footwork or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in China, we can see a lot of ladies dancing in square or open spaces like parks or parking lots during morning time or after dinner time. People can join the street dances everywhere from big cities to small towns. Many community owners and residents oppose the square dance in the community due to their loud music, and some people think this loud music has seriously affected their lives, so residents expelled dancing ladies at the beginning. As time went by, people started to accept and adjust to the environment around them. Street dances have become one aspect of culture in China. Moreover, it is also considered a social phenomenon in China. The streets have become a colorful world at night. Why? Since there are elderly people or middle-aged people enjoy the dancing in the square. Some people dance and sing, other people are into fitness, and some naughty children follow the funny action of the dancing ladies. Even though the dancers are old, they still have vibrant vitality and graceful dance posture. They are well-behaved and rhythmic. They have neatly arranged team, and the people dressed uniform clothing wearing a blue and white T-shirt, trousers, and white gloves, really like the people’s liberation army in the military parade. My grandma couldn’t help to join the team when she saw the spectacular scenery. When I was a child, my grandma always took me to the square dance because it was her routine. Her joints are flexible and soft like snakes. Her beautiful dance leisurely soft like butterfly flying and smooth wicker twisting. Street dance in the Chinese mainland; both north and south are very common, mostly participants experienced the Cultural Revolution generations of the elderly. In China, the middle-aged and elderly women who dance at street dance have been given the title of â€Å"Guang Chang Da Ma Wu† which is street dance. Accompanied by elegant music and lightweight pace of dancers, people know where they should go for dancing, and usually they have stable places. Although sometimes rain couldn’t stop their activities, they go to indoor grounds. Many people join the street dancing because it is very cheap and avoid traffic to go far away to clubs. For example, it is reported as being 5 RMB per month. It depends where you live. If you live in the big cities like Guangzhou, Shanghai, or Beijing, it will be about 20 RMB, which is three dollars. I still enjoyed dinner with my family while the music is open as loud as trains outside of my home. It is very convenient being next door. It seems to tell people that it is time go out dancing. When foreign tourists travel to China, they are completely impression by â€Å"Guang Chang Da Ma Wu†. They may think dancers are so ridiculous since they play loud music and occupy a lot of public places; also, they annoy many other residents. Because so many dancers like to dance very early in the morning, for example, around 6:00am, this does not allow sleeping-in on weekends. The noise also bothers some people at work when the dancers are active during working hours. Additionally, this can cause a lot of trafficproblems and displace other sports. Street dancing seems weird in other countries, but it creates a good atmosphere of helping, learning, exchange of feeling, friendship, growth of knowledge and fitness, bringing together people of different levels qualities and interests. When I look back at the life in China, I have vivid images of the street dance around my home in my head. Loud music has been coming in my ear which seems to have happened yesterday. â€Å"Guang Chang Da Ma Wu† has become significant, not only in my family, but it is a major culture of Chinese society. Street dance has become the soul of Chinese culture. It is inherited from generation to generation. How to cite Fancy Footwork, Papers

Bottom Lines and Sustainability Construction †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Bottom Lines and Sustainability Construction. Answer: Introduction H-Young is a reputable international company that specializes in building and construction. However, the firm has often been challenged with the realization of the sustainability as part of the objectives and goals in operations. Such a scenario has been enhanced by the idea that the organization cannot institute an effective framework for measuring their degree of sustainability, which enhances the development of the triple bottom lines (TBL). The concept used in the TBL allows for the measurement of value in relation to the environmental and social dimensions. Besides, the approach aims at evaluating the outcome of investments made by the company based on performance to account for the sustainable goals[1]. The upfront has enables the widespread use of the TBL in accounting for performance at various levels. For such reasons, H-Young Company has fully incorporated the technique in managing the organization and part of its corporate strategy. For example, development of a measure to sustainability for the employee's performance and welfare of the organization has been improved through the TBL framework. The H-Young Company has a primary focus on civil and structural construction, which exposes most of their activities to social, environmental and economic challenges, site clearance, trees removal, excavation, and resource utility among others. However to assist in the realization of sustainable construction various policies have been adopted. For instance, the environmental policy influences approaches to conservation and sustainability. As well, the Global Reporting Indicator has been used in providing financial frameworks in the company. Challenges faced by H-Young Company in Sustainable Construction In the process of enhancing construction activities, the company is likely to realize various difficulties in social, environmental and financial management based on the assessment methods and rating systems in performance. For instance, under the sustainable construction and environmental policies, H-Young will be challenged by the waste reduction methods and recycling of waste materials that could be dependent on the site of construction. As well, financial constraints will be enhanced through the inappropriate energy use and establishment of alternatives in addition to fulfillment of legal formalities. Furthermore, the employees have demonstrated poor social skills in interacting with their colleagues and the surrounding community due to the poor training sessions and lack of public awareness on procedures and personal responsibilities. On the same note, the construction activities might have huge impacts on the society creating commotion in the neighborhood. Therefore, the compan y has a challenge in meeting the improving and enhancing efficiency of their objectives and targets. The triple bottom line can be referred as an accounting framework used for the incorporation of the three different performances dimensions in the company that includes, financial, environmental and social approaches. Such a provision demonstrates the significance of the technique in sustainable construction making it different from the traditional reporting framework that does not include the three variables[2]. However, the firm still has a responsibility of assigning the effective methods of measure in from the TBL to estimate the sustainability. In such regards, the dimensional factors are highlighted to enhance the measurement that is people planet and profits. More so, the triple bottom line has enabled the development and practice of sustainability by measuring the effects of the organizational activities in the in the different operations of H-Young across the world that entails the value and profits of the shareholder and its relation to the social, economic and environmenta l capital. Nevertheless, the different pose difficulty in the measurement of the 3Ps of the TBL since they do not form a common unit, like profits can be approximated in the dollar, while social capital and environmental health have no defined units[3]. In response, some individuals have suggested the monetization approach to the environmental damage and social welfare top assist in the calculation of the TBL. Such a proposition has been objected due to the challenge of quantifying the endangered species among other environmental components on philosophical grounds. Besides, calculating the TBL based on indexing has been proposed to eliminate the issue of incompatibility between the different aspects, like the comparison of the H-Young performance between nations, development projects or stations. Meanwhile, the metric involved in the calculation of the TBL should be considered in deciding on an appropriate method of calculation. Nevertheless, in deciding on the effective metrics to include in the triple bottom lines measurement, the corporate members agree that no standard principle would apply to such effect[4]. Such a consideration indicates that no technique is universally accepted in the estimation of the sustainability in the different frameworks. However, such a ruling shows the flexibility of the approach and strength as it allows the person estimating to adopt a general framework that would fit the different needs of the organization towards the environment or construction project. Despite the ability of the other businesses or governmental agencies to estimate the environmental sustainability on the index or common units, like dollars, H-Young would break it down to the shares per earnings since the framework can keep up with the variations[5]. The triple bottom line has indicated the specific and wide range of impacts on the geographical landscape, which indicates its relevance in estimating the in frastructural projects at different levels. However, the level of engagement of the geographical scope, project type, and entity level would provide a measure to the decisions provided in the in the sustainability framework. Besides, the appropriate use of the sustainability measurement influences the triple bottom line calculations. For example, the economic measures involve the flow and bottom line of money by considering the incomes, taxes, expenditures, climatic factors and diversification factors. The economic variables will entail personal income, underemployment cost, the growth of opportunities, revenues, and distribution of the in the economic sector. As well, the environment measures have a representation of the natural resources and show the level to which the company influences its viability. For instance, concentration or sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, priority pollutants, excessive nutrients, electrical consumption, fossil fuels, management of solid waste and change in land use in the surrounding region the company is established. Global Reporting Indicator (GRI) and sustainable development Through the use of the GRI mechanism, the company has ensured transparency and accountability of its activities to achieve the social, economic, and environmental objectives. As well, the accounting framework allows for open and clear communication on sustainable construction. Meanwhile, the social variable in the measurement of TBL will entail the impact of the company on the social impacts presented in the company in the community, like life quality, social capital, health, education levels[6]. Other social implications might be determined by assessing the rate of unemployment, gender composition, poverty levels, health, incomes, and literacy of the population among others at local and international level. Such considerations will enhance the development of an effective measurement to different TBL dimensions. Besides, the approach provides appropriate ways of dealing with the participation and input of the stakeholders in the company by establishing a decision matrix for the incor poration of the public preferences in decision-making and project planning. For example the use of a narrative formulation in soliciting the contribution of the shareholders in project evaluation and estimation of the components of TBL sustainability framework based on the community preferences. For example, within a certain region, the success can be measured by the number of women employed in the organization as part of female empowerment and entrepreneurial development program. Despite such influences, H-Young will have the ultimate responsibility of producing a final set of applicable measures to the project at hand. The application of the Triple bottom line by companies or businesses has motivated the development of environmental, economic and social sustainability principles in measuring the three different outcomes. However, challenges have been encountered regarding the use of the TBL in the sustainability assessment. Such a move has been driven by the fact that realizing a comprehensive and standard index for the measurement as well as the identification of the appropriate data to include in the TBL is difficult due to the presence of variation measurements. For example, the incorporation of the genuine progress indicator encompasses 25 variables in gauging the social, economic and environmental factors in the company that can be compressed into a single entity[7]. Besides, various sustainable and integrated assessment variables can be included in the study to allow for the measurement of the environmental implications to attain the goals of the firm in sustainable construction. Relationship between the TBL and sustainable development H-Young has utilized the triple bottom line as the main system in assessing profits made in the development of sustainable corporate solutions. Such a move indicates the significant relationship between the sustainability and TBL in the realization of social, environmental and economic projects. Besides, the approach shows the role of the TBL as an indicator of the company's sustainable construction by providing the best markers to enhance the quality of life. From the social sustainability approach, the triple bottom line provides a measure of the accrued profits in the business as human capital in the different regions the firms is located. The social bottom line can be enhanced through improving the fairness and benefits to labor providers in the company through the corporate community initiative[8]. As well, whenever H-Young does not seem to build positive relationships within the community, the client's foundation and worker's pool is likely to reduce simultaneously. Such a cons ideration indicates that the lesser the wage, the higher the chances of the company surviving in the region because it will afford to operate for an extended time. Nevertheless, the social bottom line shows the sustainability of the company's human capital in the long-term based on the understanding of the nature of the business operations within a particular environment[9]. Therefore, the interests in labor and corporation are interrelated despite the challenges encountered in public relations during measurements. Further, the environmental sustainability is likely to be realized when the impacts of the construction activities are less subjected to the environment or do not tamper with the natural resources available. In such a regard, the company will maintain its posterity in the region increased its success. However, to control the environmental bottom lines, the company has to demonstrate its efficiency in monitoring, management, and reports on the consumption of wastes and emissions. Through showing compliance to the environmental health guidelines, the firm will realize sustainable business models to reduce the wastes and incorporate the green policies at various levels of management. As well, to assess the environmental impact, the company will assign a sustainability committee to handle the same to enforce laws and provide solutions to the possible challenges. In such a case, assessing and reporting the environmental bottom line seems to be simplified and possible depending on the size of the business. However, the process can be time-consuming and complicated if the H-Young increases it size or measures all the sub-stations across the world, causing variations in data. As a result, technological advancement has enabled the adoption of software to improve the measurement by providing a quick and cost-effective approach to sustainability assessment. Similarly, economic sustainability does indicate the traditional corporate capital in the company alongside the human and environmental capital. Such a consideration suggests that the economic capital can be estimated by the implication of the company towards the economic environment[10]. However, H-Young is likely to strengthen the economy in the located region by complying with the economic policies, which will enable to survive in future. In such a regard, every company should be aware of the existing triple bottom line accounts in addition to the traditional profits to add some value in the economy. Besides, the TBL concepts will increase the understanding of the company's management to enhance its position in the economy since the corporate sustainability provides room for measuring the firm's ability. Such measures will take place considering the company's environmental implications, relationship with the surrounding community, and its significant contribution to the economy. F rom such a provision, triple bottom line enables one to visualize the business as a both as an environmental and social entity that can exhibit variations during measurement. Significance of the triple bottom line in sustainable construction The triple bottom line and the sustainable economic development have shown assistance in the understanding of the need for economic development. Such a move has created an improved state and quality of life through the increase in employment opportunities and wealth accumulation, which enables the expansion of the company, retention of employees, more recruitments, and creation of jobs for people in the community in different ways. For example, the increased development in the workforce, corporate assistance, growth of network and expansion of infrastructure among others elements that support the organizational development and influences its decisions are illustrated in the TBL. Besides, the approach adds to the recognition of the social and environmental factors that operate within the firm in three dimensions to enable the company to succeed[11]. In such a scenario, the economic developers in the organization will expand their social, environmental and economic aspects while decidi ng on investments due to the presence of the interdependent factors that contribute to the closure of the gaps in the economy. However, poor understanding and interpretation of the triple bottom line concepts may pose a challenge to the realization of the business objectives since it limits the planning, administration, and sustainability in construction. On the same note, the composition of the community and the company will increase the implementation of the TBL approaches through increased awareness and enlightenment, while inadequate capacitation, little understanding, and low social status impede the uptake of the TBL concepts. As well, considering the fact that economic development is likely to occur in highly competitive environments, the success of the TBL in ensuring sustainable construction will be ill-defined. Such a case is attributed to the fact that outcomes are affected by external factors that cannot be controlled by the company. However, the sustainability will be impeded by inadequate integration and coordination on the environmental, social and economic policies and programs in relation to the TBL principles and trade-offs in the required goals. Furthermore, the economic sustainability approaches are not essential in the professional and academic accreditation in economic developments that can be translated into the inadequate knowledge and skills to incorporate the concepts to put into practice. From such a remark, the sustainability construction requires no accreditation based on competence in the theory and practice of triple bottom line. However, to improve the well-being of the individual s, economic development should be dedicated towards the generation of jobs and creation of wealth through incomes. The conventional approaches to the triple bottom line can be challenged by examining the deleterious trends in the company or community, like increased income disparity or costly developments associated with environmental implications. In such a way, the TBL approaches have a successful economic development pattern that can serve in the controlling the sustainability framework for research and programming[12]. Therefore, TBL concepts are vital in the helping the firm advance the theory and practice of the sustainable economic development projects, like construction. In training and certification, professional organizations have shown the importance of sustainability related content in projects and programming. Such a necessity has enhanced the room for expansion of efforts based on the TBL approaches to add to the key competencies of the required in certification. As well, learning institutions have adopted mechanisms of offering economic development courses to enhance sustainability through the provision of the basic knowledge and skills as part of the curriculum development. Therefore, training and certification help the employees to develop the necessary standards for ensuring accreditation for planning and business programs through attaining the minimum qualifications for sustainable construction. In the assessment, the triple bottom line plays a significant role in attaining sustainability despite the presence of challenges of in the environment. Besides, the literature on assessment shows the implications of the sustainable development can be minimized by focusing on the negativity as opposed to the alignment of the company to realized good outcomes and preferred results. Furthermore, the extensive resources required by an organization to assist in the analysis can be terminated causing the poor performance in the project and associated activities in addition to poor integration and decision-making approaches. However, the several challenges experienced during the post assessment of impacts have been identified to enhance the data collection and analysis resources with limited ability to promote the causal attribution. Furthermore, the TBL concepts in assessing sustainable construction have been indicted reduced uptake in the company to due to the absence of the incentives t o utilize in the process. For instance, the American TBL tools used in the meeting the requirements for a research, industrial and user-friendly assessment tool for sustainable construction[13]. However, the online platform used in the design, assess and communication of the project alignments in economic development based on the significance of the economic goals, stewardship of the natural resources, while ensuring the well-being of the community. Such a consideration indicates that the user-defined information and data sets are essential in the determination of the level of investment alignment based on the sustainable outcomes. For instance, the accessibility of a location, relative wages and the proximity to natural resources based on the mode of action of the company. Nevertheless, the activities should ensure that they comply with the certification of the green construction, engagement of the community and creation of jobs from the available information. In such regards, the TBL tools will be implemented based on the investment approaches and future versions on unknown locations, which are subject to review due to the demonstration of various factors inhibiting the sustainable construction. Therefore, from the assessment, the effective tool for project evaluation will depend on the productiveness of the of the TBL tools to assess the sustainable economic development projects. For incentives, the economic developer will come up with an effective strategy of reviewing the triple bottom line to increase the level of interaction between the economic development professionals revealing their concerns towards the project. Such a consideration will enhance the formulation of a reward system to enhance the responsibility of the workers and the community with respect to the development agendas. However, the challenge in the approach could be the realization of development incentives to promote the performance of the TBL objectives in the company. Besides, professional standards will be implemented to assist the developers in accounting and designing the appropriate sustainable development incentives without tampering with the project activities. Besides, on a research basis, the TBL concepts will be demonstrated increased opportunities for the development of productive research on the sustainable construction. For instance, the integration and extension approaches portrayed in the assessment surveys are key in the realization of the company's objectives. However, the absence of uniformity in the in the formulation of the sustainability questions creates a challenge in the analysis of the three TBL dimensions as well as the lack of critical questions on the major topic precludes the understanding on the significant sustainability issues. On the other, the demonstration of efforts in the coordination of the goals helps in improving the understanding of the differences between the three groups, while enabling the opportunity for changes in attitudes, priorities, and actions with time. Conclusion Consequently, the research demonstrates the importance of understating the Triple Bottom Lines in the realization of sustainable construction through the provision of standards and analyses on the concepts towards economic development. However, the TBL approaches are likely to influence the mechanism of dealing with the challenges encountered in the achievement of sustainability, like professional development, training, and accreditation programs among others that must be integrated and implemented in sustainable construction. In such a consideration, the TBL is significant in the achievement of a sustainable economic development process in the organization. References Alcamo, J., Bennett, E.M. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(Program). (2003).Ecosystems and human well-being: A framework for assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press. Ammons, D., Morgan, J. (2011). State-of-the-art measures in economic development.PM Magazine,93(5), 6-10. Arena, P., Adams, J. A., Noyes, K., Rhody, S., Noonan, M.(2008).Construction grants program impact assessment report.Volume IReport on investigation and results. Retrieved fromhttps://www.inbia.org/docs/default-source/resourcesrelated-links/download-construction-grants-program-impact-assess-ment-report.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Arndt, H. W. (1987).Economic development: The history of an idea. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Bartik, T. (2005).Solving the problems of economic development incentives.Growth and Change,36, 139-166. Bartik, T. (2011).Investing in kids: Early childhood programs and local economic development. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. UpjohnInstitute for Employment Research. Benner, C., Pastor, M. (2014), Brother, can you spare some time?Sustaining prosperity and social inclusion in America's metropolitan regions.Urban Studies,52, 1339-1356. Bennett, M. J., Giloth, R. P. (2007).Economic development in American cities: The pursuit of an equity agenda. Albany: State University of New York Press. Bentivegna, V., Curwell, S., Deakin, M., Lombardi, P., Mitchell, G., Nijkamp, P. (2002). A vision and methodology for integrated sustainable urban development: BEQUEST.building research Information,30(2), 83-94. Cashmore, M., William, R., Morgan, R., Cobb, D., Bond, A.(2004). The interminable issue of effectiveness: Substantivepurposes, outcomes and research challenges in the advancement of environmental impact assessment theory.impact assessment and Project Appraisal,22, 295-310. Conroy, M. (2006). Moving the middle ahead: Challenges and opportunities of sustainability in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.Journal of Planning Education and Research,26, 18-27. Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Sutton, P., van der Ploeg, S., Anderson, S., Kubiszewski, I., Farber, S., Turner, R. K. (2014).Changes in the global value of ecosystem services.global environmental Change,26, 152-158. Grodach, C. (2011). Barriers to sustainable economic development: The Dallas-Fort-Worth Experience.Cities,28, 300-309. Haanaes, K., Reeves, M., von StrengVelken, I., Audretsch, M., Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N. (2012).Sustainability nears a tipping point. Retrieved from https://c4168694.r94.cf2.rackcdn.com/MIT-SMR-BCG-Sustainability-Nears-a-Tipping-Point-Winter-2012.pdf

What Solutions Are Possible to the Free Rider Problem, Both Inside and Outside of Government free essay sample

Outline of the Chapter †¢ Bond pricing and sensitivity of bond pricing to interest rate changes †¢ Duration analysis – What is duration? – What determines duration? †¢ Convexity †¢ Passive bond management – Immunization †¢ Active bond management 16-2 Interest Rate Risk †¢ There is an inverse relationship between interest rates (yields) and price of the bonds. †¢ The changes in interest rates cause capital gains or losses. †¢ This makes fixed-income investments risky. 16-3 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) 16-4 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) What factors affect the sensitivity of the bonds to interest rate fluctuations? †¢ Malkiel’s (1962) bond-pricing relationships – Bond prices and yields are inversely related. – An increase in a bond’s YTM results in a smaller price change than a decrease in yield of equal magnitude. – Prices of long-term bonds tend to be more sensitive to interest rat e changes than prices of short-term bonds. 16-5 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – The sensitivity of bond prices to changes in yields increases at a decreasing rate as maturity increases. We will write a custom essay sample on What Solutions Are Possible to the Free Rider Problem, Both Inside and Outside of Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page – Interest rate risk is inversely related to the bond’s coupon rate. Homer and Liebowitz’s (1972) bond-pricing relationship – The sensitivity of a bond’s price to change in its yield is inversely related to the YTM at which the bond currently is selling. 16-6 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Why and how different bond characteristics affect interest rate sensitivity? 16-7 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Duration – Macaulay’s duration: the weighted average of the times to each coupon or principal payment made by the bond. †¢ Weight applied to each payment is the present value of the payment divided by the bond price. wt D CFt /(1 y ) t , Bondprice T T wt t 1 1 t * wt t 1 16-8 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Example: 16-9 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Duration is shorter than maturity for all bonds except zero coupon bonds. – Duration is equal to maturity for zero coupon bonds. †¢ Why duration is important? – Simple summary statistic of the effective average maturity of the portfolio. – Tool for immunizing portfolios from interest rate risk. – Measure of the interest rate sensitivity of a portfolio. 16-10 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – The long-term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate movements than are short-term bonds. – By using duration we can quantify this relation. P P D (1 y ) 1 y 16-11 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Modified Duration: †¢ Measure of the bond’s exposure to changes in interest rates. †¢ The percentage change in bond prices is just the product of modified duration and the change in the bond’s yield to maturity. †¢ Note that the equations are only approximately valid for large changes in the bond’s yield. D* P P (1 D /(1 D* y) y) y y 16-12 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ What determines Duration? – The duration of a zero-coupon bond equals its time to maturity. – Holding maturity constant, a bond’s duration is higher when the coupon rate is lower. Holding the coupon rate constant, a bond’s duration generally increases with its time to maturity. †¢ For zero-coupon bonds the maturity=the duration †¢ For coupon bonds duration increases by less than a year with a year’s increase in maturity. 16-13 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Ho lding other factors constant, the duration of a coupon bond is higher when the bond’s yield to maturity is lower. †¢ At lower yields the more distant payments made by the bond have relatively greater present values and account for a greater share of the bond’s total value. The duration of a level perpetuity is equal to: (1+y) / y †¢ The PV-weighted CFs early on in the life of the perpetuity dominate the computation of duration. 16-14 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) 16-15 Convexity †¢ By employing the duration concept we can analyse the impact of interest rate changes on bond prices. – The percentage change in the value of a bond approximately equals the product of modified duration times the change in the bond’s yield. – However if this formula were exactly correct then the graph of the percentage change in bond prices as a function of the change in ts yield would be a straight line, with a slope D*. 16-16 Convexity (Continued) †¢ The duration rule is a good approximation for small changes in bond yields. †¢ The duration approximation always understates the value of the bond. †¢ It underestimates the increase in price when yields fall. †¢ It overestimates the decline in prices when yields rise. †¢Due to the curvature of the true price-yield relationshipconvexity 16-17 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Convexity is the rate of change of the slope of the price-yield curve, expressed as a fraction of the bond price. Higher convexity refers to higher curvature in the price-yield relationship. – The convexity of noncallable bonds are usually positive. – The slope of the cuve that shows the price-yield relation increases at higher yields. Convexity 1 P (1 y ) 2 n t 1 CFt (t 2 t ) (1 y )t 16-18 Convexity (Continued) †¢ We can improve the duration approximation for bond price changes by taking into account for convexity. †¢ The new equation becomes: P P D y 1 [Convexity ( y ) 2 ] 2 †¢ The convexity becomes more important when potential interest rate changes are larger. 16-19 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Why convexity is important? †¢ In the figure bond A is more convex than bond B. †¢The price increases are more in A when interest rates fall. †¢The price decreases are less in A when interest rates rise. 16-20 †¢ Callable Bonds Convexity (Continued) – When interest rates are high the curve is convex. The price-yield curve lies above the tangency line estimated by the duration approximation. – When interest rates are low the curve is negative convex (concave). The priceyield curve lies beolw the tangency line. 16-21 Convexity (Continued) In the region of negative convexity the price-yield curve exhibits an unattractive asymmetry. †¢ Increase in interest rates causes a larger price decline than the price gain due to the decrease in interest rates. †¢ Bondholders are compensated with lower prices and higher yields. – Effective Duration Effectiveduration P/P r 16-22 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Macaulayâ₠¬â„¢s Duration – The weighted average of the time until receipt of each bond payment. †¢ Modified Duration – Macaulay’s duration divided by (1+y). – Percentage change in bond price per change in yield. †¢ Effective Duration Percentage change in bond price per change in market interest rates. 16-23 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Mortgage-Backed securities – In a sense similar to callable bonds-subject to negative convexity. – If mortgage rates decrease then homeowners may decide to take a new loan at lower rate and pay the principal for the first mortgage. – Thus there is a ceiling for the bond price written on these mortgage loans as in callable bonds. 16-24 Passive Bond Management †¢ Passive managers take bond prices as fairly set and try to control only the risk of their fixed-income portfolio. Indexing Strategy – Attempts to replicate the performance of a given bond index. – A bond-index portfolio will h ave the same risk-reward profile as the bond market index to which it is tied. †¢ Immunization Strategy – Designed to shield the overall financial status of the institution from exposure to interest rate fluctuations. – Try to establish a zero-risk profile, in which interest rate movements have no impact on the value of the firm. 16-25 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Bond-Index Funds – Form a portfolio that mirrors the composition of an index that measures the broad market. The major bond indexes in USA are Lehman Aggregate Bond Index, Salomon Smith Barney Broad Investment Grade (BIG) Index, and Merill Lynch U. S. Broad Market Index. – They are market-value weighted indexes of total return. They include government, corporate, mortgage backed, and Yankee bonds with maturity over a year. 16-26 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – They are not easy to replicate however: †¢ There are more than 5000 securities. †¢ Rebalancing problems †¢ Immunization – Banks and pension funds in general try to protect their portfolios from interest rate risk altogether. Banks try to protect the current net worth (net market value) of the firm against interest rate fluctuations. – Pension funds try to protect the future value of their portfolios since they have an obligation to make payments after several years. 16-27 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – Interest rate exposure of the assets and the liabilites should match so the value of assets will follow the value of liabilities whether rates rise or fall. – Duration-matched assets and liabilities let the asset potfolio meet firm’s obligations despite interest rate movements. 16-28 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – What if interest rates change and the duration of the assets and liabilites do not match? †¢ If interest rates increase the fund (asset) the firm has will suffer a capital loss which can affect its ability to meet the firm’s obligations (liabilities). †¢ But the reinvestment rate for the coupon payments will increase so the reinvested coupons will grow at a faster rate. †¢ There will be two offsetting types of interest rate risk: price risk and reinvestment rate risk. – If the durations match, the price risk and reinvestment risk will cancel out each other. 6-29 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ The solid red curve shows the accumulated value of bonds if interest rates remain at 8%. †¢ If interest rates increase at time=t* then the initial impact is capital loss but this loss is offset later by the faster growth rate of reinvested funds. †¢ At the duration time two effects cancel out each ot her. 16-30 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Graph of the PV of the bond and the zero-coupon obligation as a function of interest rate. †¢ For small changes in interest rates the changes in assets and liabilities are same. For greater changes the curves diverge. †¢ Why? †¢ Convexity †¢The asset and liability are not duration-matched across different interest rates. 16-31 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Rebalancing immunized portfolios: – As the duration of the assets and liabilities may change because of interest rate fluctuations the portfolio managers have to rebalance their portfolios to match the durations. – Also duration changes with the passage of time. †¢ As time passes the duration of the assets and liabilities will change at different rates. 16-32 Passive Bond Management (Continued) Cash Flow Matching – Buying a zero coupon bond that provides a payment in an amount exactly sufficient to cover the projected cash outlay. †¢ Dedication Strategy – Cash flow matching on a multiperiod basis. – The manager selects either zero-coupon or coupon bonds that provide total cash flows in each period that matches the series of obligations. – Advantage: It is once-and-for-all approach and eliminates the interest rate risk. 16-33 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Problems of Immunization – In the general duration formula the weights are computed by discounting CFs with the same YTM. If YTM differs than for each CF a present value has to be calculated by using appropriate rate. – Immunization only makes sense for nominal liabilities. †¢ If your future obligation depends on the future inflation you can not immunize it by buying an asset with fixed-income (not indexed). 16-34 Active Bond Management †¢ Finding mispriced securities, especially underpriced ones †¢ Forecasting interest rates – If the decline in interest rates are anticipated the managers will increase the duration of their asset portfolios. – Homer and Liebowitz (1972) characterize portfolio rebalancing activities. 16-35 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Substitution swap – It is an exchange of one bond for another with equal coupon, maturity, quality, call features, sinking fund provisions, and so on. – Motivated by a belief that the market has temporarily mispriced two bonds. †¢ Intermarket spread swap – It is an exchange of bonds when an investor believes that the yield spread between two sectors of the bond market is temporarily out of line. 16-36 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Rate anticipated swap – The investors swap shorter duration bonds with the longer duration ones since they believe that interest rates will decrease. Pure yield pickup swap – The investors swap longer-term bonds with the shorter-term bond when yield curve is upward sloping. 16-37 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Horizon Analysis – Form of interest rate forecasting – The analyst selects a particular holding period and predicts the yield cur ve at end of period – Given a bond’s time to maturity at the end of the holding period its yield can be read from the predicted yield curve and the end-of-period price can be calculated. – The total return over the period is computed as adding the capital gain and coupon income for the holding period. 16-38 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Contingent Immunization – Mixed passive and active strategy. – You have to calculate the funds required to lock in via immunization. – This value is trigger point. – If and when the actual portfolio value dips to the trigger point, active management will cease. 16-39 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Panel A: the portfolio falls in value and hits the trigger at time t* then the immunization strategy pursued and portfolio rises to planned terminal value. †¢ Panel B: the portfolio never reaches the trigger point and is worth more than the planned terminal value. 16-40

Admissions Guide - Admissions Guide to Private Schools

Admissions Guide - Admissions Guide to Private Schools If youre applying to private school, you might be wondering if you have all the important information and know all the steps that you need to take. Well, this admissions guide offers some important tips and reminders to help you apply to private school. However, its important to note that even this guide isnt a guarantee for admission to the school to your choice; there are no tricks or secrets to getting your child into a private school. Just a lot of steps and the art of finding the school that meets your needs and where your child will succeed most. Start Your Search Early   It doesnt matter whether you are trying to find a place in kindergarten,  ninth grade in a college prep school or even a postgraduate year at a boarding school, its important that you start the process a year to 18 months or more in advance. While this isnt recommended because it truly takes that long to apply, but there are a number of things to consider before you even sit down to complete the application. And, if your goal is to get admittance at some of the best private schools in the country, you need to make sure that you are ready and have a strong background.   Plan Your Private School Search From the moment you ask yourself how you get your child into private school until the much-awaited acceptance letter arrives, there is a lot that you need  to do. Plan your work and work your plan. A great tool is the Private School Spreadsheet, which is designed to help you keep track of the schools youre interested in, who you need to contact at each school, and the status of your interview and application. Once you have your spreadsheet ready to use and you begin the process, you can use this  timeline  to stay on track with dates and deadlines. Keep in mind though, that every schools deadlines may vary slightly, so make sure youre aware of all the different deadlines. Decide if Youre Using a Consultant While most families are able to navigate the private school search themselves, some opt to engage the assistance of an educational consultant. Its important that you find a reputable one, and the best place to determine that is by referencing the IECA website. If you decide to contract with one, make sure that you communicate regularly with your consultant. Your consultant can advise you on ensuring that you choose the right fit school for your child, and can work with you to apply to both reach schools and  safe schools. Visits and Interviews Visiting schools is critical. You have to see the schools, get a feel for them and make sure they meet your requirements. Part of the visit will be the admissions interview. While the admissions staff will want to interview your child, they may also want to meet with you. Remember: the school does not have to accept your child. So put your best foot forward. Take some time to prepare a list of questions to ask, too, because the interview is also an opportunity for you to assess if the school is right for your child.    Testing Standardized admissions tests are required by most schools. The SSAT and ISEE are the most common tests. Prepare for these thoroughly. Make sure your child gets lots of practice. Make sure she understands the test, and how it works. Your child will also have to submit a writing sample or essay. Want a great SSAT prep tool? Check out this Guide to the SSAT ebook.   Applications Pay attention to the applications deadlines which are typically mid-January, though some schools have rolling admissions with no specific deadlines. Most applications are for an entire school year though from time to time a school will accept an applicant in the middle of an academic year.    Many schools have online applications. Several schools have a common application which saves you lots of time as you only complete one application which is sent to several schools you designate. Dont forget to complete your Parents Financial Statement(PFS) and submit it as well. Part of the applications process is getting teacher references completed and submitted, so make sure to give your teachers plenty of time to complete those. You will also have to complete a Parent Statement or Questionnaire. Your child will have his own Candidate Statement to fill out as well. Give yourself plenty of time to get these tasks done. Acceptances Acceptances are generally sent in mid-March. If your child is wait-listed, dont panic. A place might just open up. Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski:  If you have more questions or need more information about getting into a private school, tweet me or share your comment on Facebook.

Word Families to Support Decoding Skills in Children with Disabilities

Word Families to Support Decoding Skills in Children with Disabilities Spelling with word families and rhyming words helps young children connections in both reading and writing. Seeing the relationships between these words helps students with disabilities predict new words by using known word patterns.   It supports their future success in literacy. Word families help support word recognition and generalizing decoding skills.   The following word families include word cards that you can reproduce and use in:    Word Sorts Print the pdfs for a couple of the word families:   start with the same rather than different vowel sounds, so the children will recognize them.   You can either create a two column page with the family at the top and then have the children do the sort individually, or you can print them and have students sort them in small groups on a piece of chart paper.   Learning centers: Print the word family cards on card stock, and put them in resealable sandwich or quart bags with a sorting template.   Have students at the learning center sort them.    Additive activities:   Continue to add word families: Have students take turns pulling cards in the sort and placing them on the chart paper.   Or add magnetic strips on the back of the cards and have groups of students sort the words on to a magnetic white board. Sort Games:    Sort War:   Print two word families on card stock.   Assign each child a word family.   When they snap the cards the one who puts on on the top gets to keep the pair.    Sort hearts.   Run several word families and shuffle them together.   Deal the cards to groups of three or four, 5 or 6 to each.   Leave the remainder in a stack.   Students can create sets to lay down when they have three words in a word family.   Play till all the cards are laid down.   All word families. ack back, black, crack, pack, quack, rack, sack, snack, stack, tack, track, whack. ad ad, dad, fad, glad, grad, had, lad, mad, pad, rad, sad, tad. ail fail, hail, jail, mail, nail, pail, rail, sail, snail, tail. ain brain, chain, drain, gain, grain, main, pain, plain rain, stain, strain, train. ake bake, cake, flake, make, rake, take. ale bale, male, pale, scale, tale, whale. all ball, call, fall, hall, mall, small, tall, wall. am am, ham, jam, slam, spam, yam. ame blame, came, flame, frame, game, lame, name, same, tame. an an, ban, can, fan, man, pan, plan, ran, tan, van. ank bank, blank, crank, drank, plan, sank, spank, tank, thank, yank. ap cap, clap, flap, gap, lap, map, nap, rap, sap, slap, scrap, tap. ar are, bar, char, car, far, jar, par, scar, cigar, guitar. ash ash, bash, cash, crash, dash, flash, gash, hash, mash, rash, sash, slash, smash, splash, trash. at at, bat, brat, cat, fat, hat, mat, pat, rat, sat, spat, tat, that, vat. aw claw, draw, flaw, jaw, law, paw, straw, thaw. ay away, bay, clay, day, gay, gray, hay, lay, may, okay, pay, play, way, spray, stay, tray, way. o generalize decoding skills.

Why Extrinsic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why Extrinsic - Essay Example The failure of organization to provide perceived equity for employees results in a lot of resentment (especially when there is secrecy and people overestimate each other’s pay) and resulting inefficiencies. The failure of extrinsic rewards is even more obvious in executive positions as incentive systems had very weak or negative correlations to corporate profits as at higher incomes, prospect of more money fails to be a motivator. Locke’s (1960) research suggests a reason for such results – incentives actually discourage risk-taking and people perform easier tasks to complete as much work as possible. Employees look at short-term benefits (monetary rewards) rather than long-term organizational interests. Another research proved that in the long-term, even the removal of a financial incentive system that has been long in place could not drive down productivity. Merit pay has also failed as a motivator of performance as few managers feel that higher pay would make them work harder. Therefore, intrinsic rewards such as training and goal-setting is a much stronger motivator of performance. To treat workers with respect and appreciation is what motivates them to stay at an organization and higher pay has failed to reduce employee turnover in the

Mcdonalds Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Mcdonalds - Scholarship Essay Example Values decide what is important in life. Norms are like unwritten laws that decide people's behaviour in different situations. Institutions are the structures while Artifacts are the materialistic forms based on values and norms. Ans. Multiculturalism is coming together of diverse cultures and thus impacting each other. Possible advantage is that the diversity provides a healthy environment for a nation or society's growth. The disadvantage is that it takes away the nation or society's identity and in turn the unity as well. Ans. Organizational culture is based on values and norms that define the goals of the organization and behaviour of people with each other. Being a closed group of people can be a constraint that forces the evolution of this culture and interactions of the people within and outside give it a shape. Ans. The cross-cultural manager may face challenges in understanding the differences in culture, find gaps in communication and confusions can be created among the employees due to inherent differences. Ans. For maximizing the benefits on group dynamics, people's communication with each other, their body language and verbal communication has to be very positive. This calls for understanding interpersonal skills. Ans. ... 7. General Communication: The importance of understanding interpersonal skills for group dynamics. Ans. For maximizing the benefits on group dynamics, people's communication with each other, their body language and verbal communication has to be very positive. This calls for understanding interpersonal skills. 8. General Communication: Does information equal communication Information is only a part of communication and can never equal communication. Communication is always a two-way thing whereas information is impersonal and one way. 9. General Communication: What does assertive interpersonal communication mean Ans. It is a behaviour that indicates authority, competence, authenticity in an honest and direct but non-aggressive way that makes the others feel equal but still have regard for the person concerned. 10. Conflict Management Skills - Should interpersonal conflicts be always avoided Ans. No, they need to be addressed if they can have a long lasting impact and may concern vital fields. When they concern trivial matters, then they may be avoided. 11. Perception Skills: Are the meanings of interpersonal communication always in words Ans. No, the body language, facial expressions, eye contact and many other non-verbal forms form an integral part of interpersonal communications. 12. Perception Skills: The importance of non-verbal communication. Ans. Non-verbal communication preceeds verbal communication as one first sees the body language and facial expression of a person before he speaks. A negative non verbal communication can negate a positive verbal communication. So, it's role is vital. 13. Perception Skills: What are the barriers to accurate perception and how perception can be improved Ans. Preconceived ideas and beliefs

Pathological rationalism Essay Example for Free

Pathological rationalism Essay Perhaps being rational is relating a reason for a certain action. It is the act of trying to put meaning on an occurrence by which the details, the actions and the responses are being noted to make a sound conclusion. On the other hand, the term pathological implies that something is unreasonable or uncontrollable. When both terms are combined, it would simply mean extreme reasoning or uncontrollable act of putting reasons for a certain act. A situation wherein pathological reasoning is observed is when celebrities like Paris Hilton, Britney Spears and Lindsay Lohan are being followed by the media men only to cite their day to day activities that had caused them to be sued, imprisoned or accused of certain crimes that I think are not significant to the society of America or even the showbiz world. Like when Britney Spears shoved off her hair and when Paris Hilton was imprisoned because of disobeying traffic rules, I was thinking, what was with it that is worth the time and effort of the media men and its audience? Is it just for the laughter or do these media people recognize that there is more need in making the youth aware of their responsibilities to the state. All throughout the world, the media had been reiterating the situations of the three only to let the others know how tragic these young stars had evolved. For all we know, these three have been in the industry for so long, that their teenage and child lives had been opened to the public, and now, the media portrays that these â€Å"innocent-before† faces can go astray. The media only gives the youth the idea of becoming wild, law breakers and for some overly liberated women. If I am to be ask on what to so with these, it can be a good solution that the media features people that are with good background in order to enlighten the youth’s mind that they will be able to know the right things to do growing up and being given greater responsibilities as their age are being increased. Instead of featuring blunt and bad personalities, I think it will be better if there will be more issues on personalities that do charity works and other noble works.

A Comparison of Online Shopping at JCPenney and Kohls Essays -- compar

JCPenney Dominates Over Kohl’s in Online Shopping Being a multi-billion dollar retailer comes with its perks. JCPenney’s dominance over catalog merchandising has now extended into the cyber world at www.jcpenney.com. This website is multi-functional and easy to navigate, but how would JCPenney’s new e-commerce site stack up against its toughest competitor, Kohl’s, on the web? The answer may surprise you. This is an intriguing look at how varied retail comparisons can be. While JCPenney is struggling with sales on the retail floor, Kohl’s continues to exceed expectations in their stores. Online though, it is a completely different story. Kohl’s has a fledgling site located at www.kohls.com. The homepage for this site looks very modern and eye-catching with its large feature window and cute icons. Navigating into the site; however, a customer may notice that there are no opportunities to make online purchases or to view product. JCPenney’s homepage is dedicated to listing all departments and displaying several links to some of our strategic alliances. For instance, JCPenney’s ... A Comparison of Online Shopping at JCPenney and Kohl's Essays -- compar JCPenney Dominates Over Kohl’s in Online Shopping Being a multi-billion dollar retailer comes with its perks. JCPenney’s dominance over catalog merchandising has now extended into the cyber world at www.jcpenney.com. This website is multi-functional and easy to navigate, but how would JCPenney’s new e-commerce site stack up against its toughest competitor, Kohl’s, on the web? The answer may surprise you. This is an intriguing look at how varied retail comparisons can be. While JCPenney is struggling with sales on the retail floor, Kohl’s continues to exceed expectations in their stores. Online though, it is a completely different story. Kohl’s has a fledgling site located at www.kohls.com. The homepage for this site looks very modern and eye-catching with its large feature window and cute icons. Navigating into the site; however, a customer may notice that there are no opportunities to make online purchases or to view product. JCPenney’s homepage is dedicated to listing all departments and displaying several links to some of our strategic alliances. For instance, JCPenney’s ...

30 Days Challenge

Day 01 – A picture of yourself with ten facts – Day 01 – A picture of yourself with ten facts *I love God. *I have a Labrador Retriever named Buddy. *My full name is Sharmaine Anne Mediavilla Baloyo. *I'm currently 18 years old. *I love to swim but I'm too afraid to take my life vest during snorkeling. *I have a secret passion in dancing. *My greatest dream is that someday I'll be able to visit Greece. *Taking up Dentistry. *My favorite food is Lasagna. *I sometimes hate my mom but I love her so much.Day 02 – A picture of you and the person you have been closest with the longest – Day 02 – A picture of you and the person you have been closest with the longest. Her name is Imee. We've been bestfriends since Grade2. She's so smart, soft spoken, and I love her to the max. She knows a lot about me. Way back then she's my secret keeper and chismis buddy. Day 03 – A picture of the cast from your favorite show – Day 03 – A pictu re of the cast from your favorite show She plays as Blaire Waldorf in Gossip Girl, but she's known as Leighton Meester. She's my idol.Aside from being so good in acting she also has the talent in singing. =) Day 04 – A picture of your night – Day 04 – A picture of your night A picture with my friends from Ilo-ilo. This was taken after my debut party at chalet. Day 05 – A picture of your favorite memory – Day 05 – A picture of your favorite memory Dec. 12 2009, the very first time I've introduced him to all of my girlfriends. =) wala lang batabata pada sa akon kag cute!!! =) highschool.  ¦ Day 06 – A picture of a person you'd love to trade places with for a day – Day 06 – A picture of a person you'd love to trade places with for a day kay, her name is Esti Ginzburg. The girl whom Chace Crawford my love is currently dating. 🙠 She's very pretty and so hot!!! =))) Day 07 – A picture of your most treasured it em – Day 07 – A picture of your most treasured item hahaha wala lang amo ni ang phone ko nga bag o sbg latest model na sya sang nokia. pati ah, happy lng ko kay sng naguba ang phone ko nakita ko ni sa salakyan ni daddy. MY SAVIOR!  ¦ hahahah Day 08 – A picture that makes you laugh – Day 08 – A picture that makes you laugh Wala lang natawa lang gid ko ya! ))) hahaha! Day 09 – A picture of the person who has gotten you through the most – Day 09 – A picture of the person who has gotten you through the most He's my cousin, he knows everything about me. He's always there for me through thick and thin, love you nong! Day 10 – A picture of the person you do the most screwed up things with – Day 10 – A picture of the person you do the most screwed up things with Her name is Marianne Geena Zaldivar Urbiztondo. vital statistics, 24-36-24. hahhaha! pati joke. she's my bestestfriend ever. indi ko na maalala kung anon g kabalastugan ang mga nagawa natin dahil ang dami dami kaya!!! =) hahahhaa! Day 11 – A picture of something you hate – Day 11 – A picture of something you hate okay, I know most of you like cats. but me, HELL NO! I really cant forget sang time na i thought may gahibi nga baby sagwa gin check ko gulpi lang nag lumpat nagkaradusmo ko sang dalagan. Kag basta daw ka layo gid ya buot ko sa kuring. HAHAHAHAHA ;:) Day 12 – A picture of something you love – Day 12 – A picture of something you love I love dogs, especially if they're still a puppy.Cutie patootie na super cuddly pa. Makakita ko puppy sa dalan or wherever ga stop gid ko na ya, gaka stun ko kay ka mga cute cute bi. =))))  ¦  ¦  ¦ Day 13 – A picture of your favorite band or artist Day 14 – A picture of someone you could never imagine your life without Day 15 – A picture of something you want to do before you die Day 16 – A picture of someone who inspires you Day 17 – A picture of something that has made a huge impact on your life recently Day 18 – A picture of your biggest insecurity Day 19 – A picture and a letterDay 20 – A picture of somewhere you'd love to travel Day 21 – A picture of something you wish you could forget Day 22 – A picture of something you wish you were better at Day 23 – A picture of your favorite book Day 24 – A picture of something you wish you could change Day 25 – A picture of your day Day 26 – A picture of something that means a lot to you Day 27 – A picture of yourself and a family member Day 28 – A picture of something you're afraid of Day 29 – A picture that can always make you smile Day 30 – A picture of someone you miss

Jupiter Transit

Simms Lagan/ Leo Ascendant would have Jupiter transiting the 12th House in exaltation and so spiritual pursuits, knowledge at the feet of the GuruÃ'Ëœ/ Guru and following of favorable routines will happen which will lead to healthy sleep. If there are afflictions to the 12th House in the Lagan chart for this Ascendant then these may be cured and eased during this period. The events leading up to a goal would be paved not only with good intentions but with good actions and all that begins well, well, begins well, in a departure from the click ©.The Leo ?rÃ'ËœNavaho Chart of the Jupiter transit- Before we proceed let us look at the inner energies prevailing with Jupiter at the time of the transit into Cancer. The Naves/ Navaho Charka at the time of transit is given below- Navaho Yoga- We can see that Jupiter is Joined Mars in GuruÃ'Ëœ-Maxilla/ Guru-Managua Yoga and is aspect by Venus/ guar/ Sahara. Not only does GuruÃ'Ëœ/ Guru have the prowess of Mars to express itself but it has the locked eye debate with Venus as well who insists on coming forth with his mundane and pragmatic knowledge.The Did-GuruÃ'Ëœ Yoga in the Naves Charka for the transit has great potential for learning and growth and expanding one's horizons. While on this theme the readers can experiment with Vary Gorham/ transits reckoned in the divisional charts of the horoscope and see what sort of inferences emerge. NSubsequent papers on this website will cover the transits of Rah/ Rah to Kane RSi/ Kenya Rash/ Virgo and Skeet to Mina RSi/Mean/Pisces as well as of Saturn to Scorpio/ gain n VÃ'Ÿkick RSi/ Varnishing Rash later in the year. This is also important because the planets for a variety of reasons form pairs-of- opposites. While Jupiter is optimism, Saturn is pessimism, and so happiness and sadness, success and failure, expansion and constriction, growth and decay are all instances of this pollarded continuum.For these reasons the planets must be considered together. Similar is the situation when it comes to studying Jupiter on the one hand and the Rah-Skeet axis on the other. On many occasions antithetical features emerge but then this should only be taken as a basic thumb rule without more at this stage. Jupiter forms a great function for Aries/ Map/ Mesh Lagan as it transits through the 4th Behave/ Behave in exaltation. This is a Kidder Behave/ Kenned Behave/ quadrant house, and its auspiciousness is greatly heightened with the exalted energy of GuruÃ'Ëœ/ Guru.We would always do well to remember that Jupiter is properly the representative of divinity in any horoscope and always seeks to do good for the person. It gives unconditionally and leads one to life changing realizations and knowledge depending on its strength in the horoscope. Significations such as home, mother, properties and education stand to be greatly unfitted depending on the combinations prevailing in the horoscope. The 4th is also the Sushi Behave and there is none better than Jupiter to bring lasti ng and meaningful happiness.Impact of Aspect/ Diarist of Transit Jupiter- In these descriptions we should also remember the power of the aspects of Jupiter which it casts through its special Graham Dir$I/ Graham Diarist/ planetary aspect. The 5th House aspect of Jupiter falls on the sign of Scorpio/ Avarice/ Varnishing. There are two rudimentary ways in which we can appreciate this. Firstly, the future of Cancer is illuminated through depth and occult. The best of these matters stands to mom through now with Guru informing the sign with its aspect.Secondly, Scorpio as a sign in itself receives the special aspect and benefits, both generally, understanding its own Karma and learning ways to do something about it, and specifically through structured precept since Karat/ Karat is the 9th sign of the Guru and religion when reckoned from Scorpio. Scorpio is in luck from June to November, 2014 when Sans/ Shania decides to enter the sign. Which are likely to come during this period very se riously and to use them to the utmost because there is no opportunity cost in availing the grace of Jupiter.Of course al this applies to only those charts to which it does, but then that goes without saying. For Sagittarius though, it may be an intriguing time and this in itself is an interesting consequence since Jupiter rules Daunts/ Danish Lagan. But Cancer is the 8th House from Sagittarius and for any nativity with Danna Lagan rising this is a challenging placement in the radix. The 8th House is unfathomable and adversely effects the natural benefice placed here. So ironically, for Deanna Lagan the advisory will be to take care of their health, intelligence and thoughts. Not so for those with Sagittarius ?rÃ'ËœHere the persons with such a placement will be able to get into fruitful relationships with others with the highest ethics and in work shall have ready access to resources which complement their goals and programs. Readers can appreciate that this also ties in with the oth er transit for Sagittarius especially the Moon sign/ Ganja RSi/ Ganja Rash since the ingress into Scorpio of the planet Saturn will signal the commencement of the Eased-Sati where the entire societal and psychological make-up of the person is altered. Taurus individuals stand on something similar when it comes to the footing, specially those of Barabbas/ Brainwash Lagan.Jupiter is transiting the 3rd House from the Lagan which relates to matters which Jupiter is not entirely comfortable with. It is also called the Adducing Behave. The positive or the silver lining, and it is quite a notable one, is that there is Baggy/ Baggy Yoga formed by the 7th House aspect of Jupiter in the 3rd House. Relevance of the Marina Karakas Stand- As I often write, the Maraca Karma Stash/ Marina Karakas Stand positions of planets are important and GuruÃ'Ëœ/ Guru is in Maraca Karma Stash in the 3rd Behave from the Lagan.Matters indicated by Jupiter in the natal horoscope especially if its planetary period is running in the Ads/ Dash system will tend to be tested. The position is not much better in those horoscopes where the ?rÃ'ËœPlease do not wear a yellow sapphire/ Pagers/ Pushchair stone under any resistances if you should have this combination in the natal horoscope and do not Mina Lagan/ Pisces Ascendant is blessed by the 9th House Graham Dir$I/Graham Diarist/ planetary aspect of transit Jupiter and also happens to be the own sign of the planet. For this reason the sating from knowledge which is brought by the blessings of Jupiter is of a high order for this sign during the sojourn of GuruÃ'Ëœ/ Guru in Karat RSi/ Karat Rash.Jupiter transiting in the 5th House in exaltation blesses the children and their intelligence and performance in studies and work will climb favorably. Thoughts ND internal make-up of Pisces, powerful appointments and advisory roles will come to the forefront. Decisions made during this time will bode well for the future. The position is equally good if not better for the Mina ?rÃ'ËœSpeculation will yield great benefits and finance appears to be a very lucrative dimension; as a professional pursuit during this time, finance professionals will feel the boost during these otherwise slow times. For Kenya ?rÃ'ËœFor those with Kenya Lagan rising in the Lagan chart/ RSi Charka/ Rash Charka, a highly stabilizing influence comes to the working of the mind of the Virgo individual and all the information gathering and the confusion and that search for elusive refection and complete logical explanation for all things, starts to fall into place. The Eased-Sati is also on the verge of ending but as stated, more on that in a later paper at the appropriate time. Capricorn Ascendant/ Maker Lagan finds their world of marriage, partnerships, and direct personal interaction changing.The concept of natural Pad tells us that it is the 7th House which truly reflects the happiness in the heart and the real Sushi. Jupiter as the Sushi Karakas in exaltation bl esses this facet of life. The workaholic haze is aided for Capricorn ?rÃ'ËœStay true to your ethical parameters and this will then show well in life. Kumara Lagan/ Aquarius Ascendant finds that the vehement enmity is no longer that not comfortable with undergoes a sea change and higher ground is attained. Substance addictions, alcohol, nicotine and drug use will now be helped by the tremendous care and awareness brought about by Jupiter. When these enemies thin are handled then the path of one's growth through effort and action is rendered more accessible.The position is very different for those with Aquarius ?rÃ'ËœThis is Mall Yoga and can lead to a spotless and perfect performance in the chosen sphere of work. In the Libra ?rÃ'ËœFinances and food, and the absence of unworthy secrets all illuminate life. For the Gemini ?rÃ'Ëœ

Juan Luna and Filipinos Great Pride Essay Essays

Juan Luna and Filipinos Great Pride Essay Essays Juan Luna and Filipinos Great Pride Essay Essay Juan Luna and Filipinos Great Pride Essay Essay The first thing you’ll notice about the picture is its size. Standing at 4 metres in tallness and 7 metres in breadth. the picture no uncertainty commands attending and gives off a olympian aura. Any spectator of the picture will experience dwarfed by the big picture and may experience overwhelmed by the munificence of it. The following thing you’ll notice about the Spoliarium is the rich colourss used. Predominantly. the painter made usage of warm colourss for his work of art. with reds being a cardinal colour that attracts the most attending. In individual. the colourss are striking and rather alone. The Spoliarium depicts an even during the Roman imperium. where gladiators die for amusement. The picture shows how gladiators are being dragged pitilessly by work forces towards an unknown darkness. where other tragically killed gladiators are brought. To the left is a heartening crowd. shouting for blood while to the right. a adult female is crouched and apparently in sorrow. The picture shows a tragic event. decidedly. But it besides shows a deeper significance. particularly for the Filipinos during the clip of the Spanish colonisation ( which lasted over 400 old ages! ) . Harmonizing to art experts. the fallen gladiators who are being dragged are the Filipino people. while the work forces dragging them into the darkness are representative of the Spanish regulation. The adult female crouched on the right side of the picture is believed to be the Mother Country or the Inang Bayan who weeps for her Philippines. The blood thirsty crowd to the left is a representation of the societal malignant neoplastic disease of that clip. Truly. there is more than meets the oculus when it comes to Luna’s picture. The Spoliarium shows the Spanish government’s mistreatment of the Philippines. The dead organic structures of the gladiators represent the Spanish violent deaths of Filipino revolutionists. The Spoliarium is celebrated among the Filipino people. to state the least. The fact that Luna had gained acknowledgment among other Spaniards in Madrid because of this picture has given the Filipinos great pride. This besides shows that the Filipinos have accomplishments that can be. if non. excel the Europeans of that clip. This is why the picture. along with Hidalgo’s. are deemed National Cultural Treasures. because they were able to lend to the development of art in the Philippines. The Spoliarium can be found in the Hall of the Masters of The National Museum of the Philippines. Whether you are a alien or a local. take a few hours off your agenda to see the museum and larn more about Filipino civilization and history through the eyes of its creative persons. It is an educational and enriching experience. The first thing you’ll notice about the picture is its size. Standing at 4 metres in tallness and 7 metres in breadth. the picture no uncertainty commands attending and gives off a olympian aura. Any spectator of the picture will experience dwarfed by the big picture and may experience overwhelmed by the munificence of it. The following thing you’ll notice about the Spoliarium is the rich colourss used. Predominantly. the painter made usage of warm colourss for his work of art. with reds being a cardinal colour that attracts the most attending. In individual. the colourss are striking and rather alone. The Spoliarium depicts an even during the Roman imperium. where gladiators die for amusement. The picture shows how gladiators are being dragged pitilessly by work forces towards an unknown darkness. where other tragically killed gladiators are brought. To the left is a heartening crowd. shouting for blood while to the right. a adult female is crouched and apparently in sorrow. The picture shows a tragic event. decidedly. But it besides shows a deeper significance. particularly for the Filipinos during the clip of the Spanish colonisation ( which lasted over 400 old ages! ) . Harmonizing to art experts. the fallen gladiators who are being dragged are the Filipino people. while the work forces dragging them into the darkness are representative of the Spanish regulation. The adult female crouched on the right side of the picture is believed to be the Mother Country or the Inang Bayan who weeps for her Philippines. The blood thirsty crowd to the left is a representation of the societal malignant neoplastic disease of that clip. Truly. there is more than meets the oculus when it comes to Luna’s picture. The Spoliarium shows the Spanish government’s mistreatment of the Philippines. The dead organic structures of the gladiators represent the Spanish violent deaths of Filipino revolutionists. The Spoliarium is celebrated among the Filipino people. to state the least. The fact that Luna had gained acknowledgment among other Spaniards in Madrid because of this picture has given the Filipinos great pride. This besides shows that the Filipinos have accomplishments that can be. if non. excel the Europeans of that clip. This is why the picture. along with Hidalgo’s. are deemed National Cultural Treasures. because they were able to lend to the development of art in the Philippines. The Spoliarium can be found in the Hall of the Masters of The National Museum of the Philippines. Whether you are a alien or a local. take a few hours off your agenda to see the museum and larn more about Filipino civilization and history through the eyes of its creative persons. It is an educational and enriching experience.

A History of Sexually Transmitted Disease

This essay examines the current and historical relevance of sexually transmitted diseases. It focuses on current and historical infection rates, the causes of these rates, and current prevention methods. This paper examines the current and historical causes of STDs with a particular focus on chlamydia, HPV, gonorrhea, AIDS, and herpes. It uses statistics and several graphs in order to show the growing trend of STDs, the cause for that growth and concludes with methods of prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases appear to have always been a societal menace. At least, that is the impression garnered from recorded history. There is evidence of gonorrhea outbreaks dating as far back as 2200 B.C.E. (Spongberg, 1965: 23). Since that time, numerous new STDs and countless variations and mutations of existing STDs have arisen. Although infection rates have remained relatively constant throughout the ages, there have been occasional spikes as new diseases become prevalent. In the early 1970s, a surge of previously unknown STDs caused infection rates to soar to record heights (CDC, 1998). Today, there are an estimated 333 million cases of STD infection (WHO, 1996). This is a staggering number, compared to the estimated 150 million of 1960 (CDC, 1998). Fortunately, in the past two decades our medical technology has allowed us to treat and sometimes totally cure STDs that have existed for centuries. Our medical understanding of STDs has also reached new heights, allowing us to educate and inform the general public of the risks involved with unprotected sexual intercourse. However, while one might expect that our new arsenal of knowledge and medicine would be ample weaponry against STDs, infection rates have continued to rise over the last few decades (WHO, 1998). Although infection rates have slowed slightly, sexually transmitted diseases are still as prevalent, if not more so, than they were a generation ago.

Ontemporary Issues in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ontemporary Issues in Management - Essay Example This essay Contemporary Issues in Management descusses new business management approaches, that involve the creation of new channels for shareholders, employees, and investors to question and contribute to CSR development. Stakeholders exist in every organisation whether it is profit or nonprofit. Stakeholders can be summarised as the people who form the internal and external environment of any organisation. Stakeholders are, in essence, the organisation. Consequently, it is important for organisations to understand the role played by stakeholders so that they can enhance it as well as improve their relations with them. The objective of this paper is to provide a critical evaluation of the role of stakeholders within CSR. Freeman’s stakeholder theory highlights and models the stakeholders of an organisation, and both defines and suggests methods by which senior management can duly recognise and address the interests of these entities. In summary, Freeman tries to address the à ¢â‚¬Å"who or what matters† concept. In the traditional perspective of the organisation – the shareholder perspective - the shareholders are the owners of the organisation and the company has an irrevocable fiduciary responsibility to prioritise their needs and enhance value for them. In previous input/output organisational models the company was expected to transform the contributions of employees, suppliers and investors into salable products that consumers purchase, hence providing some capital benefit to the organisation.

The Electricity Reforms in Chile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Electricity Reforms in Chile - Essay Example During the late 1970s and early 1980s most of the earlier nationalized firms were being given back to their earlier owners and massive government companies, for instance electricity firms were enticed to trade on a commercial basis. Government firms were breaking even and by the late 70s and early 80s there were indications that electricity firms specially showed improving rates of return on capital. The macro economy and most of the major economic indicators started to indicate substantial improvement. Inflation dropped and GDP started to grow at a considerable pace especially after 1985. This healthy economic trend grew further during the late 1980s and accelerated further to 6.2 p.a. during the early 1990s. The electricity reforms in Chile follow most of the features found in the electricity systems of developed nations. Since Chile has a small population (15.5m in 2002), thus the capability to take advantage of economies of scale, if at all is moderate2. Even though Chile's electricity consumption per person is low when compared to developed countries, it is increasing fast at (6% per annum). The electricity making system has a big installed hydro capacity base, however as demand rises fossil fuels have become more vital. Most probably there is a difference between Chile and other developing countries as the strength due to the fact that it was administered by military rule for a long time. 2. Analysis i. Reform in electricity - History The Electricity Act enacted in 1982 is up to now the most vital legislation in the sector. In January 2004 there were some significant changes to the regulations governing the sector after the passage of Lay Corta. The electricity sector inChilebasically depends on thermal and hydro power generation. Shortage of natural gas led the government to increase the supply by building a first liquefied gas terminal with more capacity of generation. The new project started in the year 2007. Re-gasification plant terminal near the capital city ofSantiagois intended to increase and stabilize power supply for its existing and projected gas-fired thermal plants. There was a consideration to further expand the constructions in various new hydropower and coal-fired thermal plants. Chile's electricity sector reform was very efficiently implemented by the authorities and because of the success of the reforms many other governments followed the same to improve power generation in their respective countries3. Figure 4: Chile's Natural Gas Total Consumption (2003) - Total Annual Demand 8.73 BCM Source: www.lyd.com/english/noticias/restructuring.ppt -Chile4 Adaptation of many initiatives like vertical and horizontal unbundling ofpower generation, regular transmissionanddistributionand large scale privatization brought billions of institutional investment to the electricity sector due to electricity shortage of the country5. The 1982 Electricity Act was amended three times in 1999, 2004 and 2005 respectively in Chile's parliament. Even though during the 1980s there weren't many markets from which Chileans could draw inspiration, the officials visited UK, France and Belgium. From the knowledge gained from these countries they came up with the idea of separate generation and distribution firms where payment was done in accordance with a formula based on cost. This apart they also came up with a dispatch

The Importance of Self-Expression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Importance of Self-Expression - Essay Example This is what Charlotte Perkins Gilman explained in her literary work in 1892, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. With her own personal experiences on this predicament, she narrated her poignant tale of suffering, depression and nervousness. She asserted that vitality can be achieved only when pent-up emotions are given the right of self-determination. In her case, or of her narrator, suppression of emotions and lack of mental stimulation jeopardized her sanity and further worsened her mental illness rather than curing it. The monotony in her life turned out to be detrimental in her psychological well-being. As aforementioned, a mind needs an outlet to express the imagination it holds. This imagination is meant to be projected and communicated. Hence, a simple idea existing in mind can provoke a reaction and convey it in a coherent, lucid form. Be it in a form of art, words, plain gestures or even attitude, these expressions are a form or a medium for communication. If this connectio n is held back, only trouble brews inside the mind without any release or escape. Without release, mind and body, both go in a state of helplessness and lunacy. And this is what the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† experienced. In her case, insanity took over because of her powerlessness to control her life. The constant reminder of not exhausting herself from any mental or physical work by her physician husband, John, situates her in a mental asylum. His patronizing attitude and lack of understanding about her feelings reduces their relationship into â€Å"...trust me as a physician?† (Gilman 278) one. Rather than interacting and understanding his wife’s problem, he abandons her to isolation of the house to cure her depression. Assuming that isolation from work and an idle mind would heal depression was actually not the right conjecture here. It’s because of this her imagination soars to new heights. With nothing worthy to do except stare at objec ts around her, she falls for the menacing yellow wallpaper in her bedroom. The horrid wallpaper then becomes her personal consolation and a subservient object of her undivided attention. She obsesses about discovering the intricate patterns and for the first time feels the thrill of the power to solve the enigmatic wallpaper patterns. The connection she feels after every discovery of the patterns is what excites her. This is how normally a sane person would react too. The need to express and share discoveries is ubiquitous and expressing one’s self or one’s perception is profound. Without self-expression, the communication process simply stops. The silence then becomes darkening and intimidating. And then eventually, the purpose of living easily succumbs to the black hole of nothingness. If this can disappoint a sane person, then the narrator of the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was already a victim of nervousness. The burgeoning desire to confront her problems pe rmits her to discover means of expression. But the restrictions imposed on any mental and physical work shun her mental capability. This provokes her to find reprieve in keeping a secret diary. By jotting her feelings, she finds a relation with the ‘dead paper and a great relief to my mind’ (Gilman 272). As she figures that her insight on any mundane task isn’t appreciated or understood by any of her family member, she resorts to writing. It becomes her sole companion who without any questions listened to her whine about her

Brand Image On Fashion Clothing

Brand Image On Fashion Clothing This investigation is done to find out how brand image affects the consumer buying behaviour on clothing with a comparative study between India and U.K customers. Manufactured goods are something that is prepared in a factory; a brand is what that is purchased by a consumer. Merchandise can be imitated by an opponent; a brand is exceptional. Manufactured goods can be promptly out of date; a flourishing brand is eternal (Stephen King, WPP Group, London). Brand value has turn out to be one of the central parts of advertising area. Therefore, companies who comprehend the significance of brand value are capable to distinguish themselves in the markets. Furthermore, realizing how customers react to brands is supportive for companies to plan as well as build advertising activities. In this research both exploratory and performance monitoring research is applied. To attain general information on brand awareness and the concept of shopping centre and reading literature to increase knowledge about the subject, an exploratory research approach is utilized. A hermeneutic approach is used, since the purpose of the research is to recognize if the brand identity consents with the image that the customers have of the brand. The primary data comes from personal interviews with the students from both UK and India. These personal interviews are a good approach since the communication takes place under relaxed circumstances. The questionnaire comprises of both open ended and closed ended questions. Closed questions are selected so as to be able to measure the respondents attitudes and opened questions were used in order to attain a deeper understanding of the respondents actual perception and what they are based upon. The survey is carried out in two colleges: LSBF in UK and Stella Marys in Chennai, India Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 The importance of brand image on fashion clothing Clothing is a kind of need that aids to keep our bodies tepid. Individuals will not be able to survive with a safeguard from clothes in unfavorable circumstances and this denotes how essential clothing is for us. In this day and age, along with the fundamental tasks, clothes can also serve as style things, which can notify how important a human being is, states the position an individual possess and what their individual image is like (OCass, 2000). Therefore, clothing can help out symbolize our individual personality. A clothes shopping is one of the well-liked activity between people from all ages, diverse genders as well as educational backgrounds. Due to the propagation of clothing brands segment, customers have to capture a grave thought during the purchasing procedures. Like stated by Jaworski and Rayport (2003), the buying procedure is split into three levels, i.e. pre-buying, buying and post-buying. All the levels are of equal significance that can change the consumer buying decision. Once customers make a buying decision, they may want to identify their individual requirements, read manufactured goods facts, make a decision on where and which to buy, choose whether to buy once more from the identical seller, deciding on the purchasing methods, exhibit contentment to the merchandise or amenities excellence and finally be truthful to the brand. These stress the difficulty of purchasing procedures along with the prospective influence a brand could enforce in the middle of them. A number of br ands, under the impact of globalization and concentrated efforts from publicity by the media, have turned out to be well-liked not only in their country of origin, but as well in other markets with soaring prospective. Having a well-built and extraordinary brand image could facilitate to institute an individuality in market (Aaker, 1996), 1.2 circumstantial data of India and the UK clothing markets The apparel as well as textile business is one of the top sectors of the Indian market and the major source of overseas exchange incomes for India. This business reports for 4 % of the gross domestic product, (GDP) 20 % of manufacturing productivity, and fairly more than 30 % of export incomes. The apparel as well as textile business hires about 38 million people, making it the major basis of Indian business employment. The UK is a European country with a population of about 60 million. About its GDP development, because of its established financial arrangement, it is following a steady somewhat than destructive GDP growth rate. In totaling, the finance sector and business amenities are the most significant source of GDP (gross domestic products), putting in to almost 30% of the whole domestic goods (Economist.com, 2007). 1.2.1 Indian clothing markets The population of India is 1 billion people, has a vast domestic marketplace. Indias middle class, presently expected at 200 million, is estimated to enlarge to comprise almost  ½ the countrys total population by 2006. Based on the acquiring power equivalence, India is the fourth-largest market in the earth, has the third-largest GDP in the continent of Asia, and is the second-largest economy among the emerging nations. India is as well one of the quickest developing markets of the world. Even though the disposable income of the greater part of the Indian population is low, as the Indian economy develops, more customers will possess bigger optional income for clothing and other procurements after meeting their basic requirements. Source: http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/PUB3401.pdf 1.2.2 Indians expenditure habits Expenditure habits are dissimilar for people belonging to different sections of society. For instance, people belonging to the middle-class regard basic requirements and education and expenses toward the future of their children as their top main concerns, followed by standard of living commodities. The rich class expends more on luxury merchandise and intercontinental brands. The super rich class expends on ultra luxury merchandise. It is seen that as disposable income increases, people have a preference more for branded goods, shift to processed foods, and the expenses on tobacco, beverages, food and transport and contact also rises. Indians shopping habits of are shifting owing to their growing not reusable income, comparative increase in the younger population, and the change in approaches towards shopping. The stress has altered from cost contemplation to quality, trendiness and design. The yearning to look and feel good is also guiding aspect for consumers while making their buying choices. Rising disposable income is also driving demand for customer durables and dining in restaurants among Indians. Age is also a foremost aspect that influences the spending choices of an individual. For example, people in 20-24 years age group spend more on home appliances/ electronic and movies, whereas people in the 45-48 years age group spend more on holidaying. Source: http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Reports/BREP047.htm 1.2.3 Characteristics of the Indian clothing The textile industry of India is one the biggest and oldest segments in the country and amongst the most significant in the market in terms of productivity, venture and employment. The segment takes up nearly 35 million people and following agriculture, is the second-highest employer in the country. Its significance is emphasized by the fact that it reports for around 4% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 18% of employment, 14% of industrial production, and 9% of excise collections in the industrial segment, and 16% of the countrys total exports earnings. By means of direct connections to the countryside economy and the agriculture zone, it has been expected that one of each six households in the country relies on this segment, either indirectly or directly, for its source of revenue. A vast pool of skilled and unskilled personnel, cheap labour, low import content, good export potential, and a strong raw material production base are some of the prominent aspects of the textile industry of India. This is a conventional, tough, unshakable industry, enjoying substantial demand in the domestic as well as international markets. (Source: http://www.udel.edu/alex/chapt6.html) 1.2.4 UK clothing market The UK is a European country with population of around 60 million. About its GDP growth, because of its established financial structure, it is following a steady rather than destructive GDP growth rate. In addition, the finance sector and business services are the most significant source of GDP (gross domestic products), contributing to almost 30% of the total domestic products (Economist.com, 2007). The production division, comprising the clothing industry, pales in comparison with the growth of the business segment and even has an indication of recession in the current decades. This can be exposed by the steady decline of hiring rate in the UK clothing business (Jones and Hayes, 2004). 1.2.5 British expenditure habits Expenditure seems more welcome than saving amongst the British people. According to a study performed by Weekes (2004), only around 1/3 rd of female participants and less than half of the male participants convey that they have the saving habits. Amongst the participants, females are more expected to spend on clothes than males, with nearly half of female participants saying that they have no less than one store card and nearly two-thirds of them possess one or two loyalty cards. This might probably clarify why shopping is a gendered action (Dholakia, 1999; South and Spitze, 1994), and rarely, women might even shop for a mans clothing (Dholakia, 1999). Loyalty cards and Store cards are general advertising plans to implore customers faithfulness. Nevertheless, the same study denotes that store cards might not be frequently utilized although exceptional offers are frequently offered to the people who possess cards (Weekes, 2004). This may perhaps be clarified by the information that store cards sometimes have much advanced interest rates than that of the credit cards and personal loans (Mintel, 2002) 1.2.6 Characteristics of the UK clothing market Similar to most of the developed financial system, the UK clothing industry has transferred its production segment to other countries with small labor costs and trained manual labor, leaving only the design centre with tractable designers. Such shift can possibly report for the important fall in employment rate and quantity of production in the clothing segment (Jones, 2003). Nevertheless, this is discovered to obstruct the expansion of British clothing design owing to be short of production amenities (Dagworthy, as cited in Carruthers, 2004). as much as the UK fashion retail sector is apprehensive, there is a tendency for own brand growth, determined markets, tough aggressive activities, a polarized market, short-life-cycle goods, as well as variable customer demand (Marciniak and Bruce, 2004; Siddiqui et al., 2003). As stated by Moore (1995), fashion dealers have a tendency to generate product discrimination in which they can differentiate themselves from their prospective opponents in terms of manufactured goods features like design as well as cost. Even though the UK is besieged with style brands, the market is set apart by goods with small discrimination (Birtwhistle and Freathy, 1998; Moore, 1995). In addition, the selling segment is disjointed, creating of self-governing, Family- possessed businesses also some large scale chain stores, with the later one contributing to the biggest amount of market share (Easey, 2001; Marciniak and Bruce, 2004; Mintel, 2003). In contrast with other retailed segment, the fashion reta iling segment is found to integrate the biggest number of native chains for example next plc (Marciniak and Bruce, 2004). Such fact has motivated the appearance of brand name expansion in the spirited UK clothing market. 1.3 Research Questions Manufactured goods are something that is prepared in a factory; a brand is something that is purchased by a consumer. Merchandise can be imitated by an opponent; a brand is exceptional. Manufactured goods can be promptly out of date; a flourishing brand is eternal (Stephen King, WPP Group, London). Brand value has turn out to be one of the central parts of advertising area. Therefore, companies who comprehend the significance of brand value are capable to distinguish themselves in the markets. Furthermore, realising how customers react to brands is supportive for companies to plan as well as build advertising activities. Does brand image affect the consumer buying behaviour in the clothing sector? 1.4 Aim The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of brand image on consumer purchasing behaviour in clothing, with the comparison between the Indian and British consumers. Having found out the relationship between brand image and consumer purchasing behaviour, marketers and practitioners could devise strategies to increase the sales revenues. Objectives To analyze that brand image has an influence on the consumer buying behaviour of clothing To prove that there are differences in buying behaviour of clothing for consumers in India and the UK To prove that Brand image builds a connection and a tough bond that grows over time. To show that Brand image denotes the excellence of the merchandise, thus giving consumers the contentment of purchasing quality things. To prove that Branding helps in developing a customer commitment. 1.5 Methodology In common, there are two types of research methods that is qualitative and quantitative research. Each one of them includes a range of approaches, which are decided on the kinds of data being gathered. Qualitative semi-structured interviews have been selected as a mean to gather data because they are found to be more suitable for seeking replies in relation to approaches, views and feelings. In addition, the sampling method was enclosed. In the course of data compilation, the mixture of expediency and quota sampling was being employed. In addition, the agenda of interview was argued with an outlook to offering some common ideas about the underlying causes for enquiring such questions. The data composed would be studied using the methods of cross-case and within-case analysis. 1.6 Theoretical framework With a recognized brand name, customers would seem to be more liable to buy the goods in much advanced costs. As far as the similar level of manufactured goods quality is apprehensive, customers would have a preference for purchasing brand-name goods (Bello and Holbrook, 1995). This fact brings out the model of brand equity. According to Aaker (1991), brand equity is mostly obtained from four elements, namely brand loyalty, brand awareness, perceived brand equity plus brand associations. The theoretical framework implemented in this dissertation would be based on the theory of brand equity and the particulars of each element are to be discussed and analyzed later. 1.7 Outline of the dissertation The structure of the dissertation is shown as follows: Chapter 1 is the introductory section, containing the background information of India and the UK clothing industry, the research objectives and the dissertation outline. Chapter 2 will incorporate the review of previous studies, mainly concentrating on clothing industry and consumer buying behavior. It is believed that this chapter could provide readers with general information like theories and issues in relation to consumer buying behavior for clothes so as to make them more understandable in the forthcoming sections. Chapter 3 delineates the research methodology, focusing on the description of research design and justification of data. Chapter 4 is the core of the dissertation in which research findings are presented and discussed. Whether brand image would affect the consumer buying behavior in the clothing sector is shown and also the similarities and differences regarding the circumstances in India and the UK are investigated. Chapter 5 would draw conclusions on the findings from the previous chapters. Implications towards the business environment and research limitations are also included. Recommendations would be made with regard to the limitations so as to provide further directions in the future studies 1.8 SUMMARY This chapter summarized the aims, objectives research questions and the summary of the following chapters. Manufactured goods are something that is prepared in a factory; a brand is something that is purchased by a consumer. Merchandise can be imitated by an opponent; a brand is exceptional. Manufactured goods can be promptly out of date; a flourishing brand is eternal (Stephen King, WPP Group, London). Brand value has turn out to be one of the central parts of advertising area. Therefore, companies who comprehend the significance of brand value are capable to distinguish themselves in the markets. Furthermore, realizing how customers react to brands is supportive for companies to plan as well as build advertising activities. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Consumer behavior indicates to the behavior in which people obtain, use and organize goods as well as amenities (Blackwell et al., 2001). Due to the explosion of brands in the current years, there are a growing number of studies carried out in the area of consumer buying behavior. Nevertheless, a majority of them focus on a particular nation investigation, despite of the significance of cross-country evaluations which shall motivate inventive thoughts for accepting the fast- shifting customer practice. This research will examine the dissimilarities of British and Indians in purchasing clothes under the effect of brand image. In this chapter, the literatures relating to the functions of brand and brand equity are to be assessed so as to offer a theoretical framework for the abovementioned analysis. Brand presents an essential function for differentiating merchandise and amenities from those of the competitors (Aaker, 1991; Murphy, 1998). The appearance of brand equity inspires the significance of brand in advertising policies and therefore offers helpful approaches for managers and more study (Keller, 2003). (Ref: http://edissertations.nottingham.ac.uk/983/1/07MSClixkkt1.pdf) 2.2 Definitions of brand by different Authors According to the AMA (American Marketing Association) Board of Directors, Marketing is the action, set of organizations, and procedures for creating, interacting, delivering, and exchanging contributions that have worth for consumers, customers, associates, and society at large.(source: www.heidicohen.com) Dr. Philip Kotler defines advertising as the art along with science of producing, delivering as well as exploring importance to satisfy the necessities of a target market at a gain. Marketing identifies unhappy desires and requirements. It explains events along with measures the size of the known marketplace as well as the revenue likely. It spots out which sector the company is capable of serving supreme and it designs and markets the suitable merchandise and amenities. (Source: www.kotlermarketing.com) Marketing is a planned and strategic many-sided process that holds sales as well as consumer service and withholding. Marketing can also become a response loop involving an organization and its consumers and prospects that assists to notify and develop the business going forward. (Rebecca Lieb, 2009). Marketing comprehends your buyers actually well then creating precious goods, services, and facts particularly for them to facilitate resolve their difficulties. (David Meerman Scott 2010) Marketing, when performed properly, is building such an astonishing experience around your brand or manufactured goods that individuals with no other association to it want to inform their friends about how astonishing it is, and the series starts again. (Peter Shankman 2010) A brand is nothing but an appearance of the consumers trustworthiness and faith. (Phil Dusenberry 2006) In the publics eye, a brand is a guarantee. It is a pledge that the service carrying that brand will survive up to its name, and execute. (Harry Beckwith 1997) Brand works in two ways: It works in the manner we characteristically think, as drawing buyers with the brands hidden promise of quality. But the brand also works at the stage of the second key pool of forecast: potential workers. Since you are more than your brand; you are the people who symbolize it, supervise it, and perform its promises and the more forceful your brand, the more effortlessly you can employ that outstanding talent you require to carry on to convey outstanding results. (Harry Beckwith 2000) Simply acknowledged, a brand is an identifiable place, person, or thing. Our job as marketers is to build brands that are separate and different from related products or services presented by competitors. Its all about discrimination. (Steve Cone 2011) If you want to make a flourishing brand, you have to comprehend difference. You have to look for chances to build new groups by difference of existing groups. And after that you have to become the first brand in this rising new group. (Al Laura Ries, 2004) A Killer Brand survives when an individual develops an inconsistent amount of achievement in its group for the reason that of a forceful and distinguished anticipation that comes to be connected with its name. (Frank Lane 2007) Brand refers to the set of aspects that occur in a consumers mind when that individual hears your name or views your logo. (Bill Chiaravalle, 2006) A brand is a term, name, symbol, plan or every additional aspect that recognizes one retailers merchandise or amenities as different from those of new retailers. (Dibb et al (1997) Bennett (1988)) 2.3 The significant roles of brand Brand is a term in each customers intellect (Mooij, 1998) plus it is distinguished by a visible symbol or term which shall make a distinction between the services and products from the opponents (Aaker, 1991; Keller, 1998). In accumulation to a particular brand name, a brand is furthermore composed of goods, wrapping, advertising, endorsement, and also its general appearance (Murphy, 1998). From the customers point of view, brand is a sponsor of dependability as well as quality in customer goods (Roman et al., 2005). Further to this, customers would be fond of to purchase plus make use of brand-name goods with a vision to emphasize their individuality in unusual circumstances backgrounds (Aaker, 1999; Fennis and Pruyn, 2006). These days, customers possess a broad variety of option to select from when they go into a mall. It is established that customers sentiments are one of the most important elements which have an effect on their purchasing behavior (Berry, 2000). According to a study performed by Free ride Media LLC (1998) on shopping practices, nearly 1/4th of the participants are to be expected to impulse -purchase accessories plus clothes. When choosing which goods to buy, customers have their favorites, which are urbanized in harmony with their insights in the direction of the brand. Victorious branding possibly will formulate customers conscious of the existence of the brand plus as a result could amplify the possibility of purchasing the companys goods along with amenities (Doyle, 1999). 2.4 The distinctiveness of victorious brands A brand can be a never-ending and beneficial quality on condition that it is preserved in a good mode that can carry on fulfilling customers requirements (Batchelor, 1998; Murphy, 1998). Even though doing well brands can be completely dissimilar in environment, they share a bit in general, for example well-priced goods plus constant quality (Murphy, 1998). As citied by Levitt (1983), there are four fundamentals for creating a victorious brand, namely augmented brand, tangible product, potential brand, and basic brand. Tangible product refers to the goods which meet up the essential requirements of the consumers. Basic brand, on the other hand, considers the wrapping of the tangible product in order to draw the notice from the prospective clientele. The brand can be extra increased with the provision of trustworthiness, effectual after-sales services and the same. Lastly plus most significantly, a prospective brand is recognized through stimulating consumer favorite and reliability. By doing so, the picture of the brand could be well inspired in the consumers brain. (Ref: http://edissertations.nottingham.ac.uk/983/1/07MSClixkkt1.pdf) The following are the several features adding to the victory of brands which are recognized; A characteristic merchandise / amenity Experience Acceptable skill is the most important element of brand values. If the feature of knowledge worsens, or if the brand is exceeded by better discounts from opponents, then its place shall be damaged. initial -Mover benefit Being foremost into the marketplace does not essentially fetch victory, but it creates the job effortless. It is very easy to confine a division of the customers mind and manufacture a customer base, when the brand has no opponents to equal its place. exclusive spotting model If the brand is not the leader, it should have an exclusive spotting model a section plan, importance scheme or amplified brand, which will append the importance as well as differentiate it from opposition. Tough interactions Programme A victorious brand needs a successful retailing, promotional or advertising operation, which will commune the brands survival, its purpose along with emotional significance, activate test and strengthen promise to it. Exclusive of creating consciousness, understanding and intent to purchase the brand is insignificant. instance and constancy Customarily, brands were not manufactured swiftly. It frequently obtains years to increase the augmented values, and create a faithful association. (Ref: http://www.scribd.com/doc/2631025/36/characteristics-of-successful-brands) 2.5 The value of brands to customers According to Jean-Noel Kapferer (1992), brands carry out quite a lot of roles that put in value as well as consumer advantages: expediency: To accumulate moment as well as energy via indistinguishable re-buying and faithfulness moral: contentment related to the dependable action of the brand in its association with society assurance: To be certain of discovering the similar quality no issue where or when you purchase the manufactured goods or amenities permanence: contentment brought about through acquaintance as well as closeness with the brand that you have been using for many decades self-indulgent: contentment related to the charisma of the brand, to its symbol, to its interaction Optimization: To be sure of buying the best product in the category, the best performer for a particular purpose recognition: To be evidently seen, to formulate sense of the propose, to rapidly recognize required goods Characterization: To have confirmation of your personality or the image that you show to others 2.6 The significance Of Brands To Companies Brands build worth for companies, in the subsequent methods: Brand influence: The brand manager gains From two major influence results: Higher volume leads to economies of scale in development, production and marketing; Premium pricing increases revenue. Brands, market share and profits: characteristically a brand manager acquires twice the market share of the brand which is in second position, and the brand which is in second position twice the share of the third position. The brand leader is the most profitable and all beyond number two are unprofitable The importance of Niche Brands: controlling a niche market is generally extra advantageous than being fifth in a huge marketplace. The Brand obstacle: Brand mangers generally have the economic power to fend off rivals. Prospective opponents are generally unwilling to penetrate the market if present brands please consumers. In accumulation, brand managers can expand their authority in the market. Possibilities for development: The manufactured goods life cycle relates to goods, not brands. Companies can preserve a brand while altering the fundamental manufactured goods to report for new knowledge, trend or existing market circumstances. The brand can also be utilized to enter new marketplace. Brand reliability and values: well-built brands are more eye-catching to sponsors. Brand reliability also diminishes advertising costs and makes sure companies to overrule irregular issues (e.g. Johnson Johnson with Tylenol). Encouraging shareholders: businesses with well-built brands magnetize good recruits. They also are inclined to bring out society as well as government support. (Ref: http://www.scribd.com/doc/2631025/36/characteristics-of-successful-brands) 2.7 Brand equity The name brand equity denotes to organized qualities as well as accountabilities linked with a brand, consisting of its name as well as logo, which possibly will force advantageous or disadvantageous results on the values taking place from the goods or amenities (Aaker, 1991; Yasin et al., 2007). And Keller (1998) spots out that brand equity denotes the elite advertising results forced on the brand. Relating to the affirmative part of brand equity, it occurs when customers are eager to give more for the similar stage of excellence just for the reason that of the magnetism of the name connected to the manufactured goods (Bello and Holbrook, 1995). Nonetheless, brand equity may possibly be damaged if it is not correctly handled. For example, underprivileged merchandise quality and consumer amenities can unfavorably influence the brand image, providing ascend to a decrease in retailing quantity. One of the typical instances concerning brand as a type of equity is the obligation of rules to shelter logical possessions (Murphy, 1998). In countries with entrenched officially permitted scheme, the importance of brands has been acknowledged to both the customers and manufacturers. In order to combat plagiarism, many countries have established rules to guard rights, trademarks, and plans in addition to copyright. In accumulation, brand is also deal able merchandise by means of quantifiable fiscal worth (Murphy, 1998). It is not rare to discover some recognizable brands scheduled on the stock markets in which they could be purchased or traded. Brands like Vodafone, Marks and Spencer, HSBC, Sainsbury and Tesco are all listed on the FTSE 100 index (London Stock Exchange, 2007). It is discovered that the instability of stock market could have an effect on customers buying mood, not to talk about the growth or turns down of retail sales (Blackwell, 2002). This is supported by the truth that brand equity relies on the number of people with usual acquisition (Aaker, 1996). The aforementioned instances stress the standards of brand equity for both customers and the company. For the customers, brand equity can offer them with data about the brand which powers their self-assurance throughout the buying procedures. There is a soaring tendency for customers with high-quality insights to purchase from the similar shop again than those with poor insights. Past